Network card
Network card is used for connection to local network at 10,100 and 1000 meagabite per second , with ports RJ-45 And BNC for the networks on the bases of cupric cable and with port optic fiber for connection to optic fiber . Variouse factories produce these kind of cards with different prices and different possibilities of usage .
HUB network switch
The heart of any network is formed on the bases of Star HUB Switch . The second layer switches are produced with 5 , 8 , 16 , 24 and sometimes with 36 , 48 port . Nowadays their speed is usually 10,100 and 1000 megabite per second . The switches containe ports Rj-45 or optic fiber or a compound of both of them .There are two kinds of HUB switches :
 Rack mounted type .
 On the desk type .
The on the desk one , having ability of rack mount for installation standard racks of 19 inches is available . Ecceleration of switching is the most important specification of a switch . According to the needs and designation of the network , different switches with variouse ports are soled at the market . A few number of companies provide replaced switches during the guarantee duration , so , that you can always erect your network . The guarantee of switches are usually about one to three years of duration .
Management Switches
To control and protection of large networks , or the networks swhich need to have much wider and controlled strip , usage of management switches are needed . With these kind of awitches it can be arranged variouse jobs such as the width of bands , figurative networks , controlling and reports of network traffic and … etc . The specifics almost shared all of them are : being rack mount , metal covered , 24 ports and above , the possibility of additional much many kind of modules for variouse application , output serial of ports for direct managing , the possible managing within the web , having software management , internal powers , spare powers , and the much more high prices compared with the crrent switches the much more high prices compared with the current switches can be mentioned . While using such of very expensive switches , you must pay most necessary attentions to the electricity , and earthy currents , and any estimations in your network system must be taken into carefully consideration . The eccelerating of internal switch , and also the capacity of transmission data at a time unit , are the important specification of such high prices determination . Some of such switches have also the functional possibility within three or above networks . For connection such switches to each other , the special central switches , called (core) with high power of transmission are used .
Module Switch
Modules are the parts of hardware , that are connected to the main hardware , and adds some possibilities of the network needs . The switches that have input for installation of modules are called modular switches . Each family of switches can have from one module to much many of them , and different factories supply such modules with different application for their switches . Each module can have many ports of the same or different . The latest modules are SFB or Mini GIBIC that provide various types of GIGA bite ports on optic fiber and cupric cables . Modular switch gives the possibility to ntwork designer so can have much many of media types side by side . Choosing module needs to necessary information about the kinds of media and the distances and speeds which provides . The modules of a switch family have very many different prices .
KVM Switch
This apparatus provides the possible control of 2,4,8 or 16 set of computers through a monitor and a mouse and one keyboard . It is usually used in rack o control many of servers and so , to reduce the costs . Some kinds of them connected to each other can support up to 256 computers and more as well . One of the plenty usage of it , is related to assemblers and the menders of computer .
Print Server
You can provide one or three set of printer by print server , to all of the network users at the same time . Print server is directly connected to the network switch . Its advantage to "print sharing" is that, not getting the power of server or other apparatus to use , is not viroused , dosen,t hang and the user mistake dosen,t cause disabling the printing services of other users . This is one of he necessary apparatuse for the large networks .
Internet Server
By directly connection of this apparatus to the network switch all of the users , "provided authority" , can get the use of internet server . You can connect with two servers of internet by one or two external modems with tow line of telephones .
The other possibility advantages of the apparatus are as follows .
Mail , internet , DHCP , account server .
Arrangements are done through explorer .
Internet network webcam .
While you are connecting these webcam to the network switch , all of the users , "prvded authority" , can see the picture that these webcams send . There is the possibility of controling sixteen webcams at same time , its lenze is adjustable and some types of them , function sound recording or movement actions and zooming as well , its speed is up to 30 frame each second , and the maximum preciseness is 640×480 .
Router
The networks are connected to each other by Routers .
The entire word is connected by Routers to each other , and so the internet network has been formed . These apparatus have complicated functions , and they need to soft ware arrangements . Some of them have the ability of module installation and various possibilities by these modules are added to them. The best router selers in iran,s market are made of sisco systems company . Related to the power of management and transmission of data and possibilities , they have different prices . Each router at least has a LAN port for connection to local network , and has one WAN port far connection to a for away network.
Module Router
A piece of hardware which is placed inside the Router , and adds a particular possibility to it . Any family of Router , has its own speciality that is designed for it . For example NM16AM Module 16 modem analog adds to sisco Routers . In appropariate to the type of module the prices are varied from 50 several thousand dollars .
USB netrwork card
By using this small connecvtor the computer through USB port will be connected to the network . This apparatus has function that our computer has no any network card . There are kinds of such USB 2.0 and USB 1.1 at the market .
Media converter of optic fiber
Media converter of optic fiber are used for transmission of data from cables of optic fiber.They have a speed of 100 megabite and 1000 megabite , and according to the distance and speed are provided with output types of SX,FX and LX.They uaually have a port for connection to the network cable and one port for connection to optic fiber . The type of the optic fiber port should be appropariate with connectors chosen and used in the network . For functioning , they need to a feeding source . If we want to connect a switch that has no optic fiber port , to the optic fiber we shall use media converter .
Multi port
If there are not enough number of ports in a computer set or server we can use multi port to increase these ports.This multiports are in two types , internal and external , and there are 4 port , 8 port and increasable 8port up To 32.The most functional of that in ICT relates to connection of several modem sets to a server is a starting run of a small ISP or an internet network . But in industry there are plenty of applications such as ; CNC control apparatus and other ipparatuses that serials of standard protocols such as RS232 work.ON any computer set it can be created up to 128 serial ports by these molti ports .The transmission speed of data is the important factor of multi port price.
VolP Gateway
Gateway can supply the voice transmission services phone on data lines. These are of two kinds FXS Port for data transmission internally and FXO for connection to telephone or the reciver of ordinary phones.while the data transmission online between two locations is running without any inconvenience we can transmit the phone lines by using the transmission data of these lines as well . So we can transmit a phone line from Tenran to Mashhad.The usage of this method;as internet cards are available at some market centers.
IP Phone
These kind of phone receivers , are directly connected to switch network,and a purticular IP is difined for them,and can under the network , operate as an ordinary phone . It is estimated nowadays Analog phones will be replacsd by IP at the very future of time .
Wireless net work card
To start running a wireless network , it is just enough to fix a wireless card network on each computer . More so , there is no need to install any other apparatus . These cards work with ll,22,54,108 megabites speed and appropariately to environment conditions their speed of transmission vary . In indoors up to 100 meter and in outdoors up to 300 meter is its range of non obstacles . By aerial changing its range can be strengthened .
Access Point
Access point connects a wireless network to a local one . It has a Rj-45 port to be connected to the network switch , and an aerial to be connected to the wireless network . Some of the kinds are bridge shaped , and can erect connections between two local networks that are far from each other . In the case of Repeater , the signal is repeated for long distance .
Wireless Bridge
The bridges erect connection between the local networks with wireless waves . These sorts of bridges with different earils can support up to 50 kilometers of distance , as well . .Their functional frequency is usually 2.4 or 5.8 giga hirts , which are amateur frequencies and there is no need to have the authority . It is designed to be installed outdoors , and has the ability to funcyion in low and high temperatures . The apparatus has been designed water tight to protct it of any raining water penetration . There are functional securities for coding the information and protection of data on the bridges . An apparatus , called , POE , is supplied together with the apparatus , that the electric current of low voltages through network cables to this apparatus from inside the building is carried on.These bridges together with gate ways are combined and are used for transmission of phone lines to remote or wanting earias.
Indoors earials
If spreading power or Gain aerial network card or your access point is not enough,you may use more powerfull aerials . These aerials are in two kinds of Omin with spreading angle of 180 degree and Flat are supplied for spreading directions.
Omin aerials
Bar shapped aerials that have ability of spreading waves directions of all angles . These aerials are supplied with special tighteners for connection to the base and lightning-rod protector transmission of lightning and thunder electric power into the earth . Also there are the possibility of fixing these aerials on different kinds of stsndard outdoor bridges , and with 8dbi UP to 15dbi are producted . They have been covered with fiber glass .
Parabolic aerials
The directional aerials for transmission of waves to long distances , as reticular in surface . They are light and non wind barrier . In different powers of 24 dbi , 27 dbi and 30 dbi are supplied . For transmission of communication lines these kind of aerials are used .
Flat aerials
The surface of aerials are flat , and they are made with different angles of spreading waves. Together with special tighteners to be connected the base and lightning –rod protector for electric power coming from ligtning and thunder into the earth are provided . There are also the possibility of installment of aerils on different kinds of standard bridge outdoor , and with 15 dbi up to 18 dbi power are produced . Their surfaces are covered with fiber glass .
Yagi aerials
Branched directional aerials , such as television aerials , that are installed on the roof of buldings . These aerials with special brackets to be connected to the base , together with lightning –rod protector for transmission of the electric power from , lightning and thunder into the earth , are provided . Also there are possibility of installment of such aerials on the kinds of outdoor standard bridges , and with powers of 18 dbi up to 20 dbi are produced . Their surfaces are covered with fiber glass to prevent any freezing and the aerials are cylinder shapped .
Fax Internal Modem
Fax modem card PCI with 56 killo bite speed per second . They usually have functions of V.92 and the phone line is not engaged while internet connection . As of their low prices , they are yhe best selling modem kind at the , market . There are only in some kinds of them that their system shows the number of person who you are speaking to .
Fax Serial Modems
Fax modems with ability to the serial ports of computer set . Although they are of good quality , but because of advancement in technology , more or less they are becoming out of orders , and USB modem fax are replaced . Their speed of 56 kbps and some of them support the V.92 functions .
Fax Modems USB
The modem faxes which are very fast in speed and complete while working with it , and so you can find out and feel the different of them in relation to other fax modems . They have the speed of 56 kbps and possibility of V.92 supports . Some of them have sonic output and whenever of installation to the apparatus , any time is recognized and runed by windows . Also there is no need to separte feeding source , display lights , the condition and the communication of the modem completely .
Digital webcam
Todays digital webcams are supplied carefully with 4 megapicksel and above . They have usually 8 or 16 mega bite memory and can save too many number of pictures with variouse preciseness . Of course , by memorial cards we can increase the capacity of the momory . They are produced in two types , CMOS with sensor and CCD sensor . The CCD sensor has a very high quality . Also , the possibility of taking films in limited case together with voice is added to them . Some of them have the possible usage in the case of webcam . They can have two kinds of zoom digital and optical , that the zoom optical will increase the price of the webcam. There are the possibilties of file copy on these webcams for transportation and transmission to other coputers . It also has the television output . All of them have coloured monitors to see the pictures , and it is connected to the computer by USB port .
Webcam
If you have got a webcam , you can have a live internet connection in your local network with pictures . Chat programs such as yahoo messenger erects the possibilities of pictural connection by webcam . The 320 killo pisksell has better quality and can send 30 frams of pictures per second .
Flash Disk
For purposes of transmission and transportation and supports of your files , use the small and light and pretty USB disks . The 2.0 USB kind has very much high speed , and capacity in 128 , 256 and 512mega bite and one giga bite are produced . In XP Windows 2000 there is no need to install driver . And while the apparatus is on , it can be connected and disconnect .
USB Lock
"USB lock" can lock a port of your hard , so that the part of your hard disk can be seen,only when the lock is connected to the set . Also it can lock the apparatus to prevent from internet connection,and,or start-runing system is locked. Its size is small and portable even on your key bunch . Anyone can have his own particular lock.
HUB USB
If you have too many USB devices and you haven’t got enough USB Ports on your computer or if you wold like a number of USB on your working desk for easy reach,you can use USB-HUB These HUB are produced in types of 4 port and 7 port and … ect.
USB LINK
By this link you can make connection between two computers and transmit the files to one another.There are two kinds of USB 1.1 and USB2.0 at the market , and the USB2.0 has so much more speed and is light,small and portable.
BOLETUS ADAPTOR
It is used for connection between computer and devices that has the possibility of Boletus,such as some of mobile receivers or some of printers.They are supplied in three models,with ranges of 10,20 and 100 meters.The Boletus has a less width of strip and it has been designed for computer connection with round about devices and to remove the connection cables . By these Adaptors we can erect a wireless system with less width of strip.
MEMORY CARD
Nowadays MEMORY CARD are supplied with capacities of 128,256,512 Megabite and one giga bite .The memory cards are supplied in two kinds of SD and MMC.Although SD is more expensive , but it has more speed and less consumption costs , comperatively with MMC.
CAMERA TRIPOD
To take and have more clear pictures , usually the camera is fixed of Tripods.These small camera Tripods in standard case are fixed on digital cameras . Also,while with the timer of camera you want to take picture of your own , the tripod will make the adjustment easy . These tripods are portable and can be folded.
MINI KEY BOARD
Mini keyboards are the small ones , that are fixed insid the Racks . So like as ordinary keyboard they can,t be fixed on movable trays easyly.These keboards give you the possibility that on one Rack drawer,you may have mouse and keyboard side by side all together with.
USB A-B CABLE
This kind of cable connection for connecting the round about devices having USB port , such as , printer, scanner modem and ect , are used . lts length is about 1.8 meter. A kind of the new latest one containing ability of being folded automaticly , and is used for transportation together with lap-tap in particular.
USB TORS-232 converter.
If you need the conneetion of devices with serial port to USB port of your computer , you may get the usage of this connection , that there are two kinds of ports , serials of pistil and virility serials at the market.
Splitters Monitor.
By this device you can transmit the output card graphic to four monitores at the same time . In this case all of the monitors display the same picture . The most application of the device is in showing shops and markets.
RJ-45 network connector
Connectors with 8 pins of network in topology star are used for the connection of network cables to the devices. Its good quality relates to the metallic pins covers that has been plated on them . The best cover is of 50 microns. These connectors by special pressing devices are connected to the network cables . The connction of such connectors to the network cables must be done in accordance with standard colour ranges . They are avlable in two kinds of non coated and metal caoted FTP (for installation of high noisy environment on coated cables ).
Handy installtion of such connectors for important networks are not recommended at all, and instead of that the testing provided available pach cords of factories must be used.
RJ-11 Telephone connector
Rj-11 connectors containe 4 or 6 metalic pins,that are used more for telephone and communications . It is also known as slip Panasonic at the market . The cables used in this connectors are with flat four branches , and for installdlion to flat cable . The needs for pressing special devices are a must .
Cover Connector
The designed elastic cover for RJ-45 connector plus making beauty the cable , it protect the intermediary cable connect to the connector and prevent any dust into the port as well.
Rj- s45 coupler
If there is a need to increase the length of network cable,they shouldn’t be taken off the covers to connect with eachother or soldering wires. For this purpose the RJ-45 couplers that containe 2 ports of pistils must be used.
Surface Mounting network socket.
The frame work of sucket surface mounted on the wall are installed by particular double stick glue or by the role plague screws , and you can fix various models of kistons inside it. Some kinds of them have shutters on the port , so prevent of any dust into it.The single and double port models with various qualities and different prices are supplied . By lables sticked on them you may identify the nomber of the socket in the network.
Face plate of network:
Face plate or socket plate internally worked in the network must be installed on standard box . If you have already put this box inside the wall,while building,you can easyly install the standard face plate on it . In the kinds of the flat and 45 degree single port and double ports with different quantities and various prices are supplied . You may identify the nomber of the socket by the lables that have been sticked on some kinds of them .
Kiston
Kiston is connected to the network cable and it makes us a port pistil Rg-45 . Kiston is placed inside the socket frome of the network or is placed insid the patch panel modular . In completed networks at the first end and bottom end of any cable kistons are placed . They are supplied in two kinds of uncoated and metal covered FTP (for installation in high noise environments and on coated cables ) . Kiston should be approparite and chosen in accordance with the cable type.For example, while we have the cat6 cable in the network,we must use the kiston cat6.
Back box socket
Back box socket is installed for intallation of network face plate inside the wall or on the wall,and containe different depth that is choseh in accordance with the need.
Patch panels of non-modural(loaded)
In wiring cable works built , the patch panels are placed inside the racks , and all network cables are connected to these patch panels . One end of all wire cables of network are connected into the network sockets and the other end are connected to the patch panels . The foult finding is very easy on such networks . Patch panels of non-modular are produced in cat5e and cat6 types with ports 16 , 24 , 36 and 48 ports coloured and black with the angles of 180 and 45 degrees . They are also available in two kinds of non-protected and metal-protected of FTP(for installation in environments with high noise and on the coated cables ) . In general usage from these patch panels for the transmission of data are not recommended , and they are more appropariote for the voice transmission . Also they don’t have flexible ability in large networks , and will cause limitation for the designer . Instead of that , it is better to use the modular patch panels .
Modular patch panels
The modular patch panels have all advantages of non-modular patch panels that already were mentioned . Besides , we can have all the port type such as UTP , STP , FTP and even we may have the kinds of port optic fiber such as multi and single ports side by side . If any port , caused any of problems , only the kiston will be changed and there is no need to change the patch panel completely . Even , we can have cat5e , cat6 and cat7 side by side . This subject will reduce the cost of project and it takes the least space inside the rack . These patch panels are produced in types 12 , 16 , 24 , 32 , 36 and ect . All in all , the installation of them are easier and some kinds have support bar for neeting the cables to be held complelelly all on the back side of the patch panel .
Communication patch panel
Communication patch panels that are used mostly in ISP containe 16 ports of Iranian made and 25 ports of Tiwonies . Both of these patch panels allocate the same space of a unit in the racks .
Cable Management
Holding cables or cable management is placed between the panel and the network switch inside the racks . Its function is to hold the patch cords inside the rack . Cable management prevents of falling patch cords on other equipments inside the racks and we give them more good order and arrangement . They are produced in two types of hooked and caped models . Also , single and double unit of its models are available , but the single unit model is used more .
Support Bar
Support Bar is placed on the back side of patch panel , and it makes it easy to hold and management of cables on the back side of the patch panel . Some of patch panels have their own support bar , and for the other it can be prepared in separate . Since the network cables are fastened by belt to support bar , so the possible cutting off from the patch panel is reduced .
Cupric patch cord
Patch cord is used for connection between network switch and patch panel , and connection between computer (network card) and the network socket . The patch cord is one of the most important part of the network , that can effect on the efficiancy of the network . The patch cords are made from the soft and sprinkle cables . The known manufacturers do various tests on patch cord after production , to make sure of it to be standard . They are supplied in length 50cm and 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 10 , 15 meters of different colours . They are made in two kinds PVC jacket and LSZH , that the second one , is without Haloogen , and when firing doesn’t produce poisoned smoke . Handy mode of such patch cords specially with wire cable , are not recommended by no means . There are four ranges of frequency respond for cupric patch cords as cat5 , cat5e , cat6 and cat7 .
BNC connection
The BUS network are out of order , but , so as some of our companies and factories are using the old networks , so these kind of connections are supplied at the market . The mentioned connections are as BNC connector , T connector terminator or flexed and Brale or 1 connector . The special press equipment is needed for BNC connector .
4 Pairs network cable
The special cable for the star networks is a 100 ohm 4 pair cables , that each two pairs have been towisted to each other. These cables usually are produced in packages of 305 meters (1000 feet ) in circled or inside the cartons. The network cable is of most important part of the network , that the installation cost is very high,we must pay high attention when we choose these kinds of cobles,because there are the forged and real ones in apparent as the same as eachother at the market.To distinguish the real and forged cables is possible,only with very expensive tester devices of such special purpose available.These cables are supplied in current kinds cat5e , car6 , cat7 , without shield UTP , with foile Aluminum , FTP , and with shield STP , and sometimes with foile and shield SFTP , in various colours and two kinds of jacket PVC , LSZH , that the second one has no Halogen and dosent produce toxic smoke when firing . The speed of two pairs twisted from the the cable of different networks are as follows :
Cat6 = 250 mhz
Cat5e = 200 mhz , 350 mhz
Cat7 = 600 mhz
Coaxial network cable
Network cable 50 ohm containing shield and adapter , special of BUS networks , that rarely is used nowadays .
Optic fiber
We use optic fiber when need to connect far away distances or more width strip is needed. The best transmission is optic fiber which has plenty advantages . The optic fibers that are used in network job should containe two lines or a coefficient of two . The optic fibers in the forms of jacket are divided in various types such as anti-chewing , armored glassing , steel wire armored and … ect . Also according to the usage location they are divided into 3 groups such as indoor for internal usag inside the room , indoor/outdoor usage in building or plastic and matalic chanels , and outdoors for direct usage in free air space . The optic fiber must be chosen appropariaty with the needs of the network . There are two groups of optic fiber such as multi mode and single mode . Multi mode itself is divided into two parties , one with two nucleus of 52.5 micron , and the other one 50 micron . The multi mode fiber can respond up to 2 killometer in 100 megabite speed . But in giga bite speed multimode (9 micron) according to the equipments used they can be supported up to 7o kilometers . Instsllstion of optic – fiber connections need to special facilities that are very expensive .
Optic fiber patch cord
Patch cord are used for the connection between optic fiber patch panel and the network switch . These patch cords must be chosen appropariate with optic fiber . For example single mode patch cord for single mode fiber and multi mode patch cord for multi fiber 50 for appropriate of its fiber and so of patch cord fiber 62.5 micron . Patch cords have different connectors , that have been installed on them in the factory . Such as :Rj –MT , LC , SC , ST , VF 45 , that in some patch cords connectors , of one end of patch cord , is differ from the other end , for various usages . such as patch cord SC to Lc and … new fiber patch cord s containe high level of flixiable ability and they are not easyly broken . The length of these patch cords are usually 1 , 2 , 3, 5 and 10 mater .
Optic fiber connectors
The optic fiber connector is installed on optic fiber by very spscial equipments , and it gives us the ability of data transmission . Some of the kinds of these connectors are as follows : MT – Rj and LC and SC and ST , VF-45 that are divided in two groups of single and multi mode .
Optic fiber adaptor
Optic fiber adaptor is the medium between optic fiber , that the connector is installed on it , and the optic patch cord . This adaptor generally is placed inside the patch panel of special fiber , and there are variety of them appropariate with the kind of connector in the form of 2 port (Duplex) or single port (Simplex)
Optic fiber socket VF- 45
This is a velatively new invention of 3M company , that made easiness in connections of optic fiber and reduced the costs . The advantages of this socket can be such as : easiness and the installation speed , automatic shutter of socket and connector , prevention of dust interance and prevention of the Laser rays into the eye , the possibility of installation beside of other cupric kistons in patch panel or inside the face – plates , very appropariate cost , direct fiber connections to eachother and the reduction of optic signal wastage , can be mentioned . In this technology there is no need of using the optic fiber adaptor . Even with its special patch cords with ability of high flixiable the optic fiber can be taken on user,s desk , as the same as cupric cable . If using the olden installation equipments , you may install advanced sockets of VF 45 just by prepairing two pieces of tools .
Optic fiber tools bag
Optic fiber tools bag is special for instsllation of sockets VF – 45 . The price of such tools in relation to the similar types are suitable and containe complete equipments for optic fiber sockets installation . Also there are training inatallation CD film and directory .
Doubler port
If you have a one port network in a location , and you need another one port now , and there is no way of possibility to cable wiring work againe , you can get the use of dobler port . In this case it is necessary to place two pieces of these doubler at first end and bottom . end of the network cable . This system has only the application on networks with 10/100 Mega – bite .
Network pressing spanner
Network pressing spanner is specially for Rj – 45 connector , that containes wire cutter as well . In two kinds as : with input connector by the side and with input connector by the front part of the spanner . The spanner with the front input is made of AMP company , that has higher ability and price in relation to the similar ones . If you are merely doing the network and have no engagement with phone connectors , these spanners are a good choice of yours .
Network and telephone pressing spanner
The network and telephone pressing apanner are of 2 or 3 kinds . The first one input is special for Rj – 45 connectors , and the second one input is special for Rj – 12 and Rj – 11 connectors . Some of the kinds containe a third input for connectors more small , special for phone receivers . In accordance with the price , they have different abilities , and this abilities are obvious , specially when too many numbers of connectors are installed . Some of them have automatic lock for closing spanner .
BNC pressing connector spanner
The BNC pressing connector spanners in type are contained of 4 or 5 holes . They are supplied with different abilities at the market . This kind of spanners have automatic lock . Since the network based on BUS have been out of order , so the consumption of such spanners are of very little use .
Punch spanner
This kind of spanner are used to punch the network wires of communication , inside the terminals , kistons and patch panel of non-modural . The extra wire is cut by the spanner with the pressing of the wire in its place accordingly . In two kinds containig scissors that cutting off extra wire by the spanner,s blade is done . Some of the types have the pressur measurement screw , and some have belt hook .
Cable striper of network
Striper (cable striper) the coated or as the some as jacket cable is uncoated without any damage to the wires inside the cable and easly separted , and it is one of the most necessary tools while network installation . This tools have cutting blades and the screw adjustment to adjust with oppropriate cable for oppropriate dimension of the cable .
Network tools bag
Network tools includes a nomber of tools for network installation that are inside a set . In general the tools inside these bags are such as : network pressing spanner , cable striper , punching spanner and the network tester . In relation to the price , the quqlity and the nomber of tools are varied .
Network Testers
Such testers are just used to make communication test on the links of the local network . Some of the types of such testers , beside testing the connections of Rj-45 they can also chech up the BUS netwoks , BNC connections , telephone , USB and PS/2 . Proportionately of quality function they are of various prices . These testers are divided in two basic parts , the testers and the remote testers , that the remote one is connected to bottom of the cable and the testers is connected to the top end of the cable and , so then do testing function . They are fed by a 9 volt booklet battery as of the kinds .
Some of them also have testing indicator on remote ones. The indicators of such testers are in the form of small shining ligtes LED with LCD monitors and single coloured . While testing make sure that two ends of the link is connected to the tester , and not to be connected with the network card and or the switch working , other wise it may cause problems with the tester . A kinde of tester , lately supplied at market can also show the length of under testing cable on LCD monitoring indicator . Of course , it is rather expensive than the other ones . The model of testers that you see on the graph , can also check up the cable plan and indicate the usuall kinde with the cross – bud type of the cable.
Professional Testers
Professional analysers of the network that the best known of them is made of American Fluke can test all of the specifications of the network cable , and for each link the comparison with the standard ones , and they have the possible presentation of complete reports on printer . They are cost about 8000 dollars each , and special high priced modular , for tests of cupric patch cord and optic fiber links will be added to the price . The employers of important and large network , usually take delivery of the finished project of contractors on the bases of these analysers of network bed . It is obvious that the contractors also announce the costs such tests by such testers and receive these costs separtately .
Cable numrator
Numrator is placed at the top and the bottom end of the cable , and is usefull to prevent any vague of the network supervisor and so the contractor among too many of the cables . Each bunch contains 100 nomber of a kinde .
Cable pin
It is used to hold the cable inside the racks and round about the user,s computer desk . They are supplied in packages with 10 nombers of single , double , three and five of wires . It is installed at the same place that already written on a label sticked on the back of the pin .
Wall racks
The network standard equipments and the 19 inches rack mounted , can be placed inside the racks . Wall racks are usually the units of 5 , 6 , 7 and 9 height . Unit is the single measurement of the racks height , and is equal to 43.5 milometer . The depth of the racks are also different . Their depth can be 35 , 45 or 60 cm . Kid racks are used for erection of small switches non-rack mounted on the wall , and it,s depth is just 29 cm . 9 unit racks are of many kinds and the panel side of some of them is completely opened , and make the possible reachment to rack from the side . Some have the possible turning up to 100 degree and makes the possible reachment to the rack back for the user . The mentioned one is used for the switches that have back modular . There are the possibility of installation power units of 3 and ports and 12cm fan on the wall racks .
Standing Racks
Standard standing racks are usually chosen to be erected at the network center . In these racks , types of patch panel , switch , server , UPS and other parts of the 19 inch racks mounted are gathered alltogether for more easy management . They have input of cable sorts at the top and the bottom . Also they are opened from the four sides . The height of such racks can be 16 , 21 , 28 , 36 , 40 and 44 units . They are produced with depth of 60 , 80 and 100cm . They containe glass or mica framed shutters . There are the possibility of intallation one to four fans inside these racks , and pre-assumptive they have only one fan . Horizontal power modulars 8 port and 9 port are installed inside these racks , and related to the rack height vertical power modular can be installed as well .
Case Rack mounted
If you would like to have a special server installed in rack you may select 3 or 4 units of rack mounted cases . These cases are supplied with 400 watts powers . They containe locking shutter and a filter which prevent dust inside the case , and according to the design occupy less space of rack . The installed fan inside this case is a 12×12 cm .
Fixed Rack Ranges
Ranges of fixed rack are divided into , one unit , two unit and flat . One unit ranges that are screwed just on the front of rack are used to shine light on equipments in it , and 2 unit ranges for holding middle weight equipments , on the flat ranges of fixed racks that four side of the rack are screwed , can lay weighty things such as : tower servers , monitores , UPS and … ect . The flat fixed ranges inrelation to the type of rack containe depth of 60 , 80 and 100 centimeters .
Mobile Rack drawer
It is used to place keyboard and mouse inside the rack . When open the rack,s shutter – comes forwardly as drawer , and by putting the chair under it , the network supervisor can get the use of it as a desk . It is supplied with different drawes of 60 , 80 and 100 centimeter in accordance with the rack type .
Monitor Frame
It is installed on the front of monitor on front adaptor of rack , and harmonize the monitor with other equipments inside the rack . It is appraviate for monitors of 14 , 15 and 17 inches.
Digital thermometer
The thermometers freequentlly measure the temperature of the rack , and indicate on their digital display monitor . These thermometers containe memory and if it reachs to the point that the network supervisor determined , the fans start running on . They are supplied in two kinds , Iranian made with 2 unit and foreign made with one unit . They are usually installed right on the top part of the rack .
Terminal Power
The equipment installed inside the rack need electrical energy supply . The distribution of electricity in rack , is done by terminal power and the only electrical cable which gets out of rack is the terminal power . These terminal powers are cotained earth , that is better the earth wire must be connected to the earth electric definitely . The sockets used inside it are designed by frech lagrand , they have acceptable quality . Kinds of 3 port and 4 port of it for wall racks , and it,s 8 port and 9 port are used for standing racks . The 8 port powers have neonic key to turn on and off the rack,s fan . There is the standing one with more ports , that can be used in accordance with the rack height .
Blank panel
They are protective screens that are installed to prevent of any touch to the sensitive equipments inside the rack for more security . It is placed in front of it . These blank panels are sipplied in kinds of 1 , 2 , 3 , and 4 unit .
Fan Rack
The 12×12 centimeter fan that works with a voltage of 220 and it is installed at the top end part of the rack . There are two kinds of it at the market : Bushed with lower quality and shorter duration ,and with ballbearing more durable and high price.The frame of these fans can be plastic or metal.If you turn with hand the fan and so,runs for a long time and then stop it is ball bearing otherwise it is bushed fan.Also,if you press the propeller of the ballbearing fan inwards it comes back of elasticity movement.
Ratal lock
It is installed on the Rack,s shutter.For this purpose the glass of rack must be cut in a special shape . On the whole they are firm and of good quality , and function much more better than the ordinary glass ones .
Rack bolt and nut
These bolts and nuts and gaskets are of kinds of galvanized plating , that the quality of the coating with salt spray exams are controlled and tested , and there are a complete serial of 50 of such bolts and nuts in each package . The mentioned nuts are placed within the gap of Rack adaptors at desirable place , and there is no need to hold it while we screw the bolt in it . The white plastic gaskets (washers) that are placed under the bolts , pays a special beauty to the rack .
Rack Wheel
In each standing rack 4 wheels can be installed for mobiles and more confortable movements .
Light panel
Florescent light that is installed at up end part of the rack . While wenting off the electricity it turns on by UPS and provides a greate help to the network supervisor . This light panels occupy one unit space and have the turning on and off key on themselves .
Panel LCD
By this openable panel just with occuping two unint space mouse , monitor and keyboard can be put inside the rack . It contains platered hinge of foreign made and on the whole prorides a very nice and smart apparent to the raks . LCD monitor is made of LG . In the case of using this panel there is no need to have mobil tray.Another type of it includes touch and pad mouse and keyboard.
Cable fastener
The plastic cable belt are used to bunch the cables with each other or arrangement of the racks . In general it has plenty advantages.Also they are used to fasten the cables in channels and trackings. The other kind of it is cloth made belt , (close – fitting ) with the ability of fasten and open that are used for larger bunch of wires.
Plastic channels
For installation of cables in the buildings , the cables are to be passed through dockets and plastic channels. In the case of doing the job , some ways like path by these chanalls are made and so cables from the ruck within these path up to the network sockets are passed . These channels are provided with width measurement of 2 , 2.5 , 3, 4, 5, 6 and 9 centimeters . All of them have a length of 2 meter , and each , proverblly is named " branch " .
Metallic tracking
Metallic tracking can be used when a standard wiring cable system is under the construction . These trackings are installed round about the rooms with specific height from the ground or the floor , and through them various telephone lines , network emergency electricity and local electricity are transfered . The types of (face-plate) sockets can be installed on these trackings . The other qualities of such trackings are as : antinoise , easy installation and increasing easy movements of the ports and tolerator of the much heavy weight of the cables .
Emergency Electricity UPS
The high priced switches , Roters and Servers while variation in electrical fluctuation or sudden off and on need ptotected and stable feeding . By using of (UPS) plus domination over mentioned problems , when electricity goes off , we still can continue up to some times , working with our equipments . These apparatuses are used in two types , online for much sensitive apparatus , such as the medical equipment in surgical rooms , and offline for less sensitive apparatus such as computer . In online kinds of apparatus , always the activation of direct voltage changes of battery to 220 volts is done . But in offline one , when the local electricity goes off it will take about 2 mili second of time to replace and run the battery voltage to 220 voltage of frequency . They are produced with various powers of 400 volt amper up to a few killo volt Ampers . To select UPS needs to calculate – consumption capabilities and the time needed for electricity current .
1) Some necessary notices appointed for choosing UPS
 Respond UPS tests and specifications up to possible technology .
 The UPS supplier company should have technical trained agencies in the cities of installation .
 It is necessary for UPS supplier company for UPS have already been provided , should have service manual in the case of any repair and to mend the subjects in accordance with technical specifics rendering on UPS .
 Guarantee duration is to be at least a year .
 The kind of battery responding the duration of back up needed for the consumer .
 These UPS particular for server must have the power of providing software services on networkes softwares used in totall selection of the consumer .
2) The physical specification and the assembling should be follows :
1- All UPS should have small volume , so as in maximum dimension of 5 KVA together with batteries occupy a volume of less than 70×70×70 cm .
2- In designation and making boards , the boards must be in form of modular and separate . Because in the cases of service and protection process , while prevention of affects UPS variouse units on each other,the mending and maintenance expens will be reduced.By this method the speed of mending and maintenance will be in creased.
3-Noticc that in UPS construction, power units are isolated from control and wave forming production and transistor power units.This subject cause prevention of dust by fan vacumed on the various sensitive units.
4-It is necessary the cooling system of transistory part to be included air channel, fan and heat sing , and the fan placed in front of air channel and this collection must be completely isolated from the other parts of UPS .
This method of coolings the best method of cooling transistors and prevents of any dust vacuumed by the fan to the other parts .
5- It is necessary the transistors used in internal UPS should be of the new and powerfull ones ( power moseft ) , and using the kind of BIPOLAR that almost were used in last decade having low efficiency in UPS is not acceptable .
6- It is better to have sound and light alarms on the various boards of UPS to easy serrice and maintenance , and there should be the detailes of using such alarms in the service note book .
7 – The mentioned UPS box should be firm enough and it shouldn,t be connected to each other using with rivetting or bolts and nuts .
8- The internal parts of the box should be galwanized to be resistance against moisture .
9-It is better in construction of the frame the floor and the back panel part at the apparatus being galwanized to avoide of any rust .
10-It is better while transporting UPS , to avoid of any damage of it , plus using an appropariate iron under the apparatus since the transformator is very heavy so by an ironic plate should be reinforced .
THE TESTS THAT UPS MUST RESPOND
1- Transfer time in kinds of UPS whether sinuos or similar sinous must be in accordance with standard LEEE-44b less than 1.4 cycle of local city electricity,that this subject is tested by SCOPE . STORGE.
2-In sinuous UPS , THD is to be on line bars less than 3% (tools of such parameter should be provided by the supplier )
3- In sinuous UPS THD on non-line bars is to be less than 5%
4- The shape of the compeletlly sinuous must be unchanged on all ranges of the UPS power .
5- UPS must be protected of connection input plug to output socket (feed back positive ) in UPS normal operation .
6- The efficiency sinuous models are to be more than 85% .
7- The output regulator is to be round about less than 2.5% .
8- UPS ferresonance plus to problems about unadjustment with the shape of wave sinuous have objection of high temperature , noise and other subjects . So it is better not to use such technic in the UPS constructur .
9- It is better UPS to have stabilizer , so on the condition of ups and fallings of local city electricity without using output battery to stabilize it to keep in an acceplable level .
10- Protection needs :
 Protection to the short output connection .
 Protection to reversed battery connection .
 Protection of related extera alarm and loading .
 Protection of over charged and over dischared battery .
 Protection to SPIKE
 Protection to UPS and fallings of the local city electricity over voltage , under voltage .
 Protection over to over voltage in output , over output voltage .
 Protection over the connection battery voltage overoutput , and activate the related alarm "Battery overvoltage " by the existence of this protection in the case of the connection to some more batteries to the UPS input , this system will never have any collision .
 Fuse protection in input by standard fuses (and automatic )
 The temperature of the working condition 10 to 40 degree of centigrade .
 Output frequency 50 Hz+ 1%
4- Notices in relation to calculation of battery in UPS complete power .
Since it so happens that the current local electricity goes off for many times and some times longer than an hour , it is necessary to have UPS batteries with power to provide electricity more than an hour . For this purpose we need model 5000VA for one UPS .Besides UPS must have the efficiency and temperature power to provide such a long time service.For presenting 5000VA on a UPS with DC voltage the input of 48 volt Amper hour of battery should be calculated as follows:
5000 = 105 AH
48
So , the minimum rate needed for providing 5000 vat is the usage frome batteries of 105 amper hour .
The considerable points about the battries areas fllows : batteries are divided into two groups , spical for UPS and starting models .
 The objections to starting batteries
1- They should be always moving and in the case of putting them in a stable place , then they are involved problems .
2- They have been made for short starts and in the conditions of using longly , they will be damged by UPS .
3- After gathering the current start , they should be charged by dynamo .
5- The Advantages of battery special for UPS
These batteries have been designed specially for UPS for much current and using for a long time . Putting such batteries in a certain place , dose,nt cause any problem for their compounds of activities . Discharges and again chargings repeatedly , considering the quality and technology of their production will not occur any problem for the batteries .
FAVOURABLE CONDITIONS OF UPS SETLLEMENT AND SO THE BATTERIES
Since a UPS apparatus is of power equipment and supplies the emergency electricity for one or a nomber of computer systems , it is necessary to be kept in good condition .
1- SETLLEMENT PLACE .
 The temperature round about 10 to 35 degree , (of course the heat temperature degree is more important for the place of batteries rather than UPS ) .
 Moistur of the place less than 95% .
 The setllement place shouldn,t have any vibration .
 Evacuation of heat . Created while UPS operating , is better to be ventilated by fan .
 At the most possibility UPS should be setlled in such a place that there are not any possible raining fall , kitchen water or any other things like that may occur .
 Since UPS containes very sensitive electronical parts so , avoide to place it some where which are in the direction of dusty ways .
 As far as using UPS alarms , are included soundic and lighting ones , then , it is better to put UPS in such places that those alarms are easily reached and visable , so , avoide seriously to put them in warehouses or such places like that .
 With due attention to the possible usage of UPS software powers it is better that maximum distance between UPS and server should be upto a limit that the RS232 standard determines , that is to say , less than 5 meters .
 With the help of double conversion design , existing electricity in the output of apparatus , will be a complete sinuous of electricity , so that , due to voltage and frequency , completely arranged , and its noise has been reduced to a desirable limit .
Use of central processor Motorla of the 32 bite type
These UPS by using micro – processors of 32 bite of Motorla – Company and the quick methods and resistant process , renders the quick care full control of all internal and external operations of the apparatus and getting the secure results of outputs .
Protective circle in UPS serials P.I.C
Protection against : reversed connection of battery , over – loading , increasing and decreasing of output voltage , short output connection , reduction of battery voltage , thunderbolt , lightning and thunder and variation in voltage and frequencies of local city electricity , increasing the internal heat of the apparatus and protection of telephone lines , fax modem and data against noise .
WIDE DESIRABLE VOLTAGE LIMIT OF LICAL CITY ELECTRICITY WITHOUT USAGE OF BATTERY .
In this system a wide limit of local electricity voltage AC is accepted . There for , the energy stored in the battery is reduced . This subject is very important for going off the city electricity continuously , and the age and duration of the battery is increased as well .
Intelligent management battery system
By usage of this circle , charging and discharging system is carefully controlled and the duration of the battery is guarantied .
Equiped automatic system of test and fault finding (self test)
In this case the apparatus automativaly tests the input and output parts , battery and by pass , and it will indicate in the case of any problem .
Tolerant while overloading
These apparatuses are able to tolerate over loading UP to 150% for 10 seconds in the case of using the local electricity or battery . These apparatuses containe followungs :
 Output isolated transistor (selected)
 LCD display
 Ability to adjust power input multiplier .
 Ability usage of internal battery for powers 1 , 2 and 3 killo volt amper
 Ability usage of external battery with long backup charge , up to 10 amper for powers of 1 , 2 , 3 and 6 killo volt amper .
 Ability of work with electricity of compressed generator .
 Chargeing the battery while the apparatus is off .
 Design of online – double convdrsion that is able to remove all problems occurred in local electricity .
 A very short time requirement for mending and repaires with due attention to modern design .
 Real guarantee and high speed quality in providing the services and support .
Communication with computer
UPS are connected to computers with different varity methods :
Rs 232
UPS using from cable and Rs232 protocal and the related software can be easily connected to computers and their operations are controlled .
SNMP card
This card changes the signal communication of Rs 232 to understanding signal for computer networks , and by using it , complete possible management and UPS control within the network (even internet) is presented .
The UPSilon 2000 soft ware has coincidence and arrangement ability with operational systems of windows 95 / 98 / 2000 / ME /NT/XP Linux , Novell , unix and etc , is able to display parameters such as : voltage , frequency , loading limit , condition of battery , foult registration , reports and the UPS condition and ect , and when the battery energy is finished , the computes files are saved and the Ato Shut Down operates .
Some other advantage of using communication tools are as followings :
* Information saves and turning off the apparatus while UPS battery is going to be discharged completely .
* Contact with specific person through mobile phone , fixed telephone , pager , E-mail and … ect , when necessary .
* Display voltage and frequency in input and output , battery condition and loading condition .
* Display the UPS operation report , registration and savings of the hinds and the correct time of faults .
* Ability of programming for UPS turning an and off and etc .
UPS output
The complete sinuos wave shape in UPS output protects the very sensitive apparatus against the problems of local electricity .
Power surge : increasing sudden voltage
Increasing the limites of voltage (Usually more than 110%) of local electricity for a much cycls frequently , this increasings come after lessening the loads , or turning off a large loading .
Overvoltage : Increasing voltage for a long time
The increasing limits of local electricity voltage for a long time . This case uaually relates to the distribution of the local electricity network , and can cause various different damages , for apparatues .
Spike / Transient : Sudden hard fluctuations
These are the sudden hard fluctuations that usually have one or two cycle duration . These fluctuation will effect on the process operation and transmission of information .
Frequency variation :
Frequency variation in the local city .
This case , that , is one the difficulties of support source such as generators , can cause problems on the operation of apparatuses .
Power failure : going off the local electricity
Power failure is the complete going off the current electricity , for a period of time more than half a cycle , going off the electricity can cause to miss the information and also damage the hardware of apparatuses .
Power Sag : Reduction of voltage momentary
Reduction of voltage limit on local electricity for a few cycles continuously is a matter that comes from starting to work in a large load with high current , such as air-condition apparatuses or electrical motors .
Under voltage : Reduction of voltage continuous
That is the reduction of voltage limit of local electricity for a long time . This problem usually is related to electricity distribution network , and can cause many difficulties for apparatuses .

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